Best A to Z Jewelry Terminology Glossary and gemstones descriptions with illustrations
Jewellery_ A Collection of Textual Glosses_jewelry terms and gemstones descriptions with illustrations
A
Agate
A semiprecious gemstone, agate is a variety of quartz and usually features bands of colour that vary from tan to red or brown to green. It has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, which makes it suitable for both jewellery and decorative objects.
Aggregate
A gem material that`s composed of small crystals or particles. Chalcedony, jade, lapis lazuli, malachite, and turquoise are aggregates.
Akoya Pearls
Saltwater cultured pearls that are harvested from Akoya molluscs in the ocean off the coasts of Japan and China.
Alexandrite
Discovered in Russia in 1830 and named for Czar Alexander II, this mineral has the unique ability to cast two different colours – green in sunlight and red in artificial light.
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals created to enhance the strength and/or appearance of a particular metal.
Alternative Metals
Metals used in jewellery that are slightly less rare than platinum and gold. Examples are: palladium, titanium, stainless steel, tungsten, and cobalt.
Amethyst
A purple form of quartz. Amethyst is the birthstone for February and the traditional gift for the 6th and 17th wedding anniversaries.
Analog
A type of watch display featuring a dial and hands, rather than a digital numeric display.
Ankle Bracelet/Anklet
A bracelet style worn around the ankle. Anklets include simple chain styles, to highly embellished selections that are decorated with diamonds, gemstones and charms.
Anniversary Band
An anniversary band is a ring (often with diamonds) that represents the renewal of your marriage or partnership commitment. This type of ring can be used to complement a wedding ring, and is usually given as a gift to mark an anniversary.
Anniversary Rings
An anniversary ring is often designed with diamonds and represents a renewal of your marriage or partnership commitment. This type of ring includes many styles including eternity bands and three-stone designs that can be worn alone.
Anodized
A chemical or electrolytic coating added to protect certain metals.
Antique finish
Used in sterling silver, the oxidation process enhances the details in the design. Oxidized pieces require special care to maintain contrast.
Aquamarine
An icy blue-green mineral from the beryl family. Aquamarine is the traditional birthstone for March and the classic gemstone choice for the 19th wedding anniversary.
Asscher-Cut
Asscher-cut diamonds and gemstones feature square cut with deeply cropped corners. The stones are cut with a series of parallel steps, creating an effect much like a house of mirrors.
Atomic Timekeeping
A watch with Atomic Timekeeping automatically synchronizes to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Radio Station at least once per day.
Automatic Chronograph Movement
An automatic movement system used in watches capable of measuring extremely brief intervals of time accurately.
B
Baguette
A baguette-cut diamond or gemstone is one cut into a small rectangular or tapered shape with a stepped edges. Baguette-cut diamonds and gemstones are generally used as accents to larger stones.
Bangle/Bangle Bracelet
A rigid bracelet that is either solid or hinged, designed to slip easily over the hand and around the wrist.
Baroque Pearl
Baroque pearls are pearls with an irregular non-spherical silhouette, ranging from minor aberrations to distinctly ovoid, curved, pinch, or lumpy shapes.
Barrel Clasp
Two metal findings on either end of a necklace or bracelet that generally screw together, forming a clasp that looks like a barrel.
Bead Chain
Any metal chain that looks like a series of small, conjoined beads, rather than open links. The beads may be solid, or hollow to reduce weight.
Bead Setting
Bead setting is a generic term for setting a diamond or gemstone directly into metal using gravers, which are essentially tiny chisels. A hole is drilled directly into the metal surface, and then a ball burr is used to make a concave depression just the size of the stone.
Beryl
Beryl is a mineral species that produces aquamarine and emerald.
Beveled edge
A flat edge set at 45 degrees to the top surface of an item.
Bezel (Watch)
A bezel is the metal ring that frames the dial of a watch. Oftentimes, the bezel displays minute increments and can be rotated in one or both directions. Divers use this function to measure elapsed time.
Bezel Setting
Bezel settings use a type of elevated collar which wraps the rim of a diamond or gemstone with a complete metal edge. This type of setting is the most secure. The bezel setting also protects the diamond or gemstone better than other types of settings. Metal is wrapped around the girdle of the stone, making only its crown and table visible. This setting is admired for its protection, security and ability to minimize inclusions.
Birthstone
A birthstone is a precious or semiprecious stone traditionally associated with a particular month or sign of the zodiac and believed to attract good fortune.
Black Diamonds
There are natural black diamonds and enhanced black diamonds, which are more affordable. Zales uses enhanced black diamonds that are treated to permanently create the intense black colour.
Black Hills Gold
Black Hills Gold jewellery is handcrafted in Rapid City, South Dakota. Each piece features a unique motif of grape clustres and green and rose gold leaves.
Black Onyx
Onyx is a variety of the microcrystalline quartz, called chalcedony. Traditionally found in black, onyx is also available in a variety of colours.
Blemish
Blemishes are slight imperfections found on the external surface of a diamond.
Blue Diamonds
Natural blue diamonds are extremely rare. Zales enhanced blue diamonds are treated to permanently create their intense blue colour.
Blue Sapphire
The most popular shade of corundum. Sapphires are also available in many other colours including purple, pink, orange, yellow and white. Blue sapphire is the traditional birthstone for September.
Blue Topaz
Available in many colours, blue topaz is the most popular. Blue topaz is the traditional birthstone for those born in December.
Blueberry Diamonds ™
Blueberry Diamonds™ are the trademarked name for the blue diamonds used in Le Vian® jewellery. These blue diamonds are treated to permanently create the intense blue colour.
Blueberry Sapphire™
Blueberry Sapphire™ is the trademarked name for the blue sapphires used in Le Vian® jewellery.
Bolo Bracelet
A bolo bracelet features an adjustable chain or cord in which the two loose ends tighten in place with a sliding clasp.
Bolo Clasp
A bolo clasp usually features an ornamental design and adjusts to secure a cord or chain by tightening.
Box Chain
A box chain is made up of small square links that are connected to create a smooth chain.
Box Clasp
A box clasp features a piece of folded metal on one end of a chain that fits into the opening of a box on the opposite end, securely fastening both ends together.
Bracelet
A bracelet is an ornamental band or circlet for the wrist or arm. A bracelet can be crafted of any material including sterling silver and gold, and are available in a variety of styles ranging from ornate to simple.
Bridal Set
A bridal set is a coordinated ensemble that includes an engagement ring and a wedding band.
Bright Polish
A bright polish is a jewellery metal finish that`s smooth, shiny and mirror-like.
Brightness
Brightness, or brilliance, is the effect of a gemstone`s internal and external reflections of light.
Brilliance
Brilliance, or brightness, is light that is reflected from the diamond to the eye, or the amount of sparkle for a particular diamond.
Brilliant-Cut
A brilliant-cut diamond or gemstone is cut in a particular form with numerous facets to have exceptional brilliance. The shape resembles that of a cone and provides maximized light return through the top of the stone. Brilliant-cut diamonds and gemstones include round, oval, teardrop, pear, princess, radiant, triangle, heart and marquise-shaped diamonds.
Briolette
A briolette is an elongated pear-shaped gemstone cut with facets, and it is often drilled to hang as a bead. It was popular during the Victorian times.
Bronze
Bronze is a yellowish-brown alloy of copper and iron with up to one-third tin.
Brooch
A brooch is an ornamental pin fastened to clothing with a hinged pin and catch.
Brushed Finish
A brushed finish features tiny grooves in the surface of the metal that add texture. This effect slightly reduces the reflection of the metal and creates a wispy, feathery look.
Buckle Clasp
Similar to a belt buckle, this adjustable clasp is the most popular for leather or fabric watchbands.
Bulova
Founded in 1875, Bulova is an innovative luxury watchmaker that crafts designs of superior quality for both men and women.
Button Earrings
Button earrings lie flat on the ear with no dangling parts. They have a disk-like or slightly domed shape.
Button Pearl
A button pearl that appears flattened or domed from the side.
Bypass Ring
A bypass ring coils around the finger, with the ends of the band crossing or passing each other on top. It may also be called a crossover ring.
C
Cable Chain
A cable chain features uniform round or oval-shaped links connected to form a chain.
Cabochon
A cabochon is a precious stone of convex hemispherical or oval form, polished but not cut into facets. This form is traditional for translucent and opaque gems. It also brings out the phenomenal effects in gems like cat`s-eye and star sapphire.
Cameo
A cameo is a technique of engraving upon a gem or other stone, as onyx, in such a way that an underlying stone of one colour is exposed as a background for a low-relief design of another colour. Traditional cameos feature a woman or goddess on them.
Carat (CT.)
A carat (ct.) is the measurement for diamond and gemstone weight. A carat is 200 milligrams or one fifth of a gram. Diamonds and gemstones can range from small fractions of a carat to many carats.
Carbon Fiber
Typically used in men`s fashion jewellery, carbon fiber is fiber-reinforced polymer, originally used in vehicles and sports equipment. Is light, durable and strong.
Carnelian
A red variety of chalcedony, Carnelian is derived either from the Latin word meaning "flesh" or the Latin word meaning "cherry" Carnelian is believed to give its wearer energy, protect from poverty and a calm temperament.
Cat`s Eye
Cat`s eye is a chatoyant variety of chrysoberyl that reflect a streak of light when cut in a rounded or unfaceted (cabochon) shape.
Cathedral Setting
The cathedral setting uses arches of metal to support and hold the centre diamond or gemstone. Cathedral-like arches rise above the band on either side of the stone. The arches themselves may be carved or set with smaller accent diamonds or gemstones.
Cavity
A cavity is an inclusion in the form of a sizable opening that penetrates a diamond or gemstone from the surface.
Ceramic
Ceramic carbide is a relatively new man-made product that is extremely durable and nearly impossible to scratch. In combination with other materials like tungsten carbide, ceramic jewellery becomes the perfect choice for the active person. Ceramic carbide is also a material that people with metal allergies and sensitive skin can enjoy since it is completely hypoallergenic.
Certification
A certification provides an unbiased description of the individual qualities that determine a diamond or gemstone`s value and worth as evaluated by expert gemologists.
Chalcedony
Chalcedony is a translucent variety of quartz that comes in a variety of colours, the most popular being bluish-grey.
Champagne Diamond
Champagne refers to brown diamonds with a secondary tone of yellow that resemble the colour of champagne. The intensity of the yellow can be weak (yellowish) or strong and same goes about the general intensity of the colour. Champagne diamonds can be natural or enhanced.
Chandelier Earrings
Chandelier earrings feature a series of dangling drops, usually in multiple tiers, suspending from a post or French wire setting. The drops may be simple metal or set with diamonds, gemstones or pearls.
Channel Setting
In a channel setting, diamonds or gemstones are set flush between two strips of metal that holds them in place side by side with no additional prongs between the stones. This type of setting protects the edge, or girdle, of the gemstone, and is a very secure setting.
Charm
A charm is a small ornament worn on a necklace or a bracelet.
Chevron
A chevron is a V-shaped facet or a pattern of stripes forming either a "V" or an inverted "V."
Chocolate Diamonds®
Chocolate Diamonds™ is the trademarked name for the rich chocolate brown diamonds used in Le Vian® jewellery.
Chocolate Quartz ™
Chocolate Quartz™ is the trademarked name for the smoky brown quartz used in Le Vian® jewellery.
Choker
A short necklace that measures about 14 to 16 inches in length.
Choker Necklace
A choker is a close fitting necklace. Chokers are commonly about 14 to 16 inches in length.
Chrome Diopside
Chrome diopside is a deep, forest green, transparent gemstone, chrome similar in colour to tsavorite or emerald.
Chronograph Subdials
Mechanically-powered chronographs have separate rotary subdials, each with a single hand that indicates either the hour, minute, or seconds of elapsed time.
Chrysoberyl
Chrysoberyl is a mineral species that produces alexandrite and cat`s-eye. It occurs in transparent yellow, green, and brown gem varieties.
Citrine
Citrine is a golden-yellow variety of quartz. It is also the traditional birthstone for those born in November.
Claddagh
A Claddagh is a traditional Irish design that features two hands holding a crown-topped heart. This design represents love, loyalty, and friendship.
Clarity
Clarity is a gem`s relative freedom from blemishes and inclusions.
Clasp
Clasps are the device used to fasten each end of a watchband, bracelet or necklace together.
Claw Clasp
Named for its resemblance to a lobster claw, this clasp has a hook with a spring-powered arm that can be opened and closed. The hook is attached to a ring on the opposite end of the chain, and the arm is closed to secure the chain.
Clustre/Composite Setting
A clustre or composite setting features several diamonds or gemstones grouped together to either create a unique design or to look like one larger stone.
Cobalt
Cobalt is the same material used to build jet aircraft engines. Cobalt is harder than stainless steel and therefore, harder to scratch. Although not 100% scratch proof, cobalt chrome is much harder than titanium and all other precious metals including platinum, gold and silver. Cobalt is also hypoallergenic.
Colourless
A diamond with no traces of body colour is considered colourless. Light travels through a colourless diamond better than a diamond with colour, resulting in exceptional brilliance.
Conflict Diamonds
A conflict diamond is a rough diamond mined in an area controlled by insurgent forces whose sale is used to finance antigovernment military action. Zales Jewellers does not sell conflict diamonds. Learn more .
Copper
Copper is a bright shiny reddish-gold metal that is soft and easily malleable. Copper has been recorded as being used as far back as 10,000 years ago in many different artifacts, long before gold was used. Copper is still widely used and desired for its colour and versatility.
Corundum
Corundum is the mineral species that produces ruby, sapphire, star ruby, and star sapphire.
Crown (Diamond or Gemstone)
The crown is the upper portion of a cut gemstone, which lies above the girdle. The crown consists of a table facet surrounded by either star and bezel facets (on round diamonds and most fancy cuts) or concentric rows of facets reaching from the table to the girdle (on emerald cuts and other step cuts).
Crown (Watch)
A watch crown is the metal knob located on the side of a watchcase and used to set the watch to the correct time and date. Some watches have multiple crowns to control other functions and settings.
Crystal
Crystals are the transparent form of crystallized quartz.
Crystal (Watch)
A watch crystal is the clear cover over the dial of a watch that protects it from dirt, scratches and internal damage. High-grade watches usually have synthetic sapphire crystals.
Cubic Zirconia (CZ)
Cubic Zirconia is an artificial crystal resembling a diamond in refraction, dispersion, hardness, and colour.
Cuff
A cuff is a wide oval-shaped bracelet. It may have a hinge and clasp, or it may encircle about 3/4 of the wrist with open ends that allow it to be easily slipped on and off.
Cuff Links
Cuff links are pairs of functional and decorative accessories used in place of buttons with special dress shirts to hold the cuff together.
Culet
The culet is the small on the bottom tip of a diamond.
Cultured Pearl
A cultured pearl is a pearl created by an oyster farmer under controlled conditions. They are created when tiny irritants are inserted into a mollusc shell. Nacre builds around the irritants over time, resulting in cultured pearls. Most pearls today are cultured.
Curb Link Chain
A curb chain features oval-shaped links that interlock with each other when laid flat.
Cushion-Cut
A cushion-cut diamond or gemstone is a variety of brilliant cut in which the girdle has the form of a square with rounded corners.
Cut
The cut is the form, style and quality of a diamond`s or gemstone`s fashioning. Cut types include round, princess, cushion, baguette and many others.
D
Deployment Clasp
A deployment clasp is a three-folding enclosure that secures the two ends of the bracelet allowing enough room to place the watch on the wrist when fully deployed. When closed, the buckle covers the two-piece folding mechanism.
Design Your Own
Zales online Design Your Own ring program allows you to create your ideal ring by selecting both the setting and diamond, resulting in a style that is uniquely yours.
Dial (Watch Face)
The dial is the front display of a watch that includes the markings and hands. It is covered by the crystal and enclosed within the case.
Diamond
Diamonds are the hardest natural mineral known to man. Diamonds are the classic birthstone for April and the traditional gift for the 10th, 60th and 75th wedding anniversaries.
Diamond Clarity
One of the 4Cs, diamond clarity measures the amount/absence of inclusions in and blemishes on a diamond. Clarity ranges from flawless to included/imperfect.
Diamond Colour
One of the 4Cs, diamond colour measures the amount of body colour (tint) in a diamond on a scale from colourless to yellow/brown or gray.
Diamond Cut
One of the 4Cs, diamond cut determines how light travels through a stone. Cut refers to the proportions of a stone, facet angles, finish and shape.
Diamond Dial
A diamond watch dial is one that is accented by diamonds.
Diamond Fascination®
Diamond Fascination® designs feature one genuine diamond (.005 carat) set into each piece. The item is then paved with diamond dust crystallized in enamel.
Diamond Table
The diamond table is the uppermost flat surface and largest facet of a cut stone.
Diamond Total Weight
Diamond weight is the sum of the carat weights for all diamonds in a piece of jewellery.
Diamond Weight
A diamond weight is also called a carat. The carat is a metric unit of weight used for diamonds and is one fifth of a gram (0.2g).
Diamond-Cut Finish
A diamond-cut finish is created by cutting metal with a diamond, giving it a glittering and sparkling look.
Diffusion, Diffusion Treatment
Diffusion is heating a gem to very high temperature while it`s in contact with selected chemicals. The chemicals penetrate the gem and become part of the gem`s crystal, changing its colour in the process.
Dispersion
Dispersion is the spreading of white light into spectral hues. It is caused by different colours of light being refracted differently. Dispersion is a key element of diamond`s appeal.
Doublet
A doublet is an assembled gem made with two main components.
Drop Earrings
Drop earrings feature gems or other decorative elements that dangle.
Durability
Durability is resistance to damage of all kinds. Overall durability depends on the combination of hardness, toughness and stability.
Dye Treatment, Dyeing
To dye a gemstone is to add a chemical agent in order to improve or change its colour. This is a common treatment for gems like chalcedony, cultured pearl, jade, lapis lazuli, opal, shell, tiger`s-eye, and turquoise.
E
Eco-Drive®
Eco-Drive is a type of watch from Citizen® that is powered by natural and artificial light, so it never needs a battery. Light enters through the crystal to a solar cell that converts it to energy.
Emerald
Emerald is a member of the beryl family and is found in all shades of green. It is the traditional birthstone for those born in May and is traditional gemstone for the 20th, 35th and 55th wedding anniversaries.
Emerald-Cut
An emerald-cut gemstone is rectangular in shape with beveled corners and a step cut.
Enamel Finish
An enameled finish is a smooth, durable material made of melted and fused glass powder used to coat jewellery.
Engagement Ring
An engagement ring is exchanged at the time of engagement that symbolizes a couple`s love and the promise of marriage. The engagement ring often features diamonds or precious gemstones.
Engravable
An engravable item features a surface that can be inscribed with a message.
Ensemble
An ensemble is a group of jewellery items that go together; for example, a ring, bracelet, necklace, and earrings of matching design. These items may be sold either separately or together.
Eternity Band
An eternity band is a ring completely encircled with gemstones or diamonds. It is given to express unending love and can also be used as a wedding or anniversary ring.
Expansion Bracelet
An expansion bracelet is a flexible watchband that does not have a clasp. It is manually expanded over the wrist and retracts once it is released for a comfortable fit around the wrist.
Extended Service Plan (ESP)
Our exclusive service plan that can be purchased for additional protection for fine jewellery. The ESP plan covers repairs to the mounting or setting, future ring size adjustments, refinishing and polishing, and resetting of diamonds and gemstones.
Extender
An extender is an additional length of chain, usually about 2.0-inches in length, used to lengthen anklets, bracelets and necklaces.
Extinction
An extinction is a dark area in a faceted gem, usually seen around the edges when it is viewed face-up, often due to cutting proportions that don`t maximize light return.
F
Faceted Gem
A faceted gem is a gemstone cut in a manner so that it is covered with small flat polished surfaces. Most transparent gems are faceted.
Facets
Facets are the flat surfaces on a cut stone. The placement of facets determines how much light reflects through the stone.
Fancy Cut, Fancy Shape
A fancy cut or fancy shape relates to the way in which a diamond or gemstone is cut and includes any faceted shape other than round. Classic fancy shapes include the emerald, heart, oval, pear, and marquise cuts.
Feather
A feather is a break within a gem.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
U.S. government agency responsible for promoting free and fair commerce in the national marketplace. The FTC Guides for the Jewellery, Precious Metals, and Pewter Industries help to define legal and ethical standards for gem and jewellery professionals.
Figaro Link Chain
A Figaro chain features distinct rhythmic pattern of three (or five) equally sized links separated by one longer link.
Filigree
Filigree is a delicate work of twisted gold or silver soldered together which forms an open design used with jewellery. Filigree often resembles lace.
Filling
A filling seals fractures or cavities in a gem. In fracture filling, surface-reaching breaks are filled to conceal them and improve the gem`s appearance. In cavity filling, larger surface openings are filled for similar purposes. Fracture fillers include colourless oils, natural and synthetic resins, and glass. Cavity fillings are usually glass or plastic. Fracture filling is common for emeralds, and cavity filling is most frequent with rubies; but both treatments occasionally appear in a number of gems.
Findings
Jewellery findings include components such as bails, clasps and setting heads.
Fineness
Fineness represents the amount of precious metal in an alloy, usually measured in parts per thousand. For example, an item marked Pt950 is 950 parts platinum and 50 parts alloying metal.
Fingerprint
A fingerprint is partly healed cleavage or fracture. This type of inclusion usually forms when a break occurs while a gem crystal is growing, and nutrient fluids seep into the break. The fluids may remain in liquid form or later solidify, in either case creating a microscopic pattern that resembles a human fingerprint.
Flat Link Chain
A flat link chain features open chain link that lays flat against the skin.
Flawless
Flawless is the highest diamond grading on the clarity scale. A flawless diamond has no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10x magnification.
Florentine Finish
A Florentine finish is the texture on a metal`s surface in which small lines are engraved in a crosshatch pattern.
Fluid Inclusion
A fluid inclusion is a small pocket of liquid trapped inside a gem.
Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the glow some gems emit under ultraviolet light.
Flush Setting
With a flush setting, holes are cut in the surface of the metal, and stones are placed inside. Only the tops of the stones are visible, and their tables are even with the metal`s surface.
Fluted Crown
A fluted crown is the winding stem of a watch that includes grooves for better grip.
Fluting
Fluting is a decorative grooved design used in jewellery that can be horizontal or vertical. This style can be used with or without additional accents like gemstones or diamonds.
Fob
A fob is the short chain attached to a pocket watch on one end and adorned with a decorative ornament on the other.
Four Cs
The Four Cs are the four distinct characteristics – cut, colour, clarity and carat weight – that classify each diamond. Experts use these classifications to establish the value and quality of every diamond.
Foxtail Chain
Resembling the fullness of a fox`s tail, this chain is designed by interweaving bent circles of metal together in a continuous pattern.
Fracture
A fracture is an irregular break within a gem. Unlike cleavage, fracture isn`t tied to crystal structure patterns. It can occur in any kind of gem, and often has a curved or scalloped contour (like breaks in glass).
French Wire Earring Back
A French wire earring back is shaped like a hook with the `hook` part going through the pierced portion of the ear.
Freshwater Cultured Pearl
A cultured freshwater pearl is one that is cultivated with intentional human intervention in freshwater ponds, lakes, and rivers, as opposed to saltwater environments. Freshwater pearls are harvested from freshwater rivers and/or lakes in China, Japan and the United States.
Friction Back
A friction back is the small metal back that is pushed onto an earring`s post, preventing it from slipping off.
G
GIA
Gemological Institute of America. This organization is considered to be the authority on gemological teaching and research.
Garnet
Garnet is the reddish-brown birthstone for January. Less common varieties are found in all colours except blue. Garnet is also the traditional gift for the 18th wedding anniversary.
Gem Treatment
A gem treatment is an artificial process that improves a gem`s appearance or durability. Treatments for coloured gems include bleaching, coating, diffusion, dyeing, filling, heating, impregnation, and irradiation.
Gemstone
A gemstone is a stone found in nature that has the necessary rarity, beauty and durability for use in jewellery.
Girdle
The girdle is the horizontal midsection and widest part of a diamond. The girdle may be polished, faceted or unpolished on a diamond, but is typically left unpolished on coloured stones.
Glue Setting
A glue setting is used when stones are attached to metal by strong glue adhesive, rather than prongs or other metal settings.
Gold (Metal)
Gold is a classic metal used in most jewellery. Pure gold (24K) is too soft to be used for jewellery so it is combined with other metals to enhance durability. For example, 14K gold is 14 parts gold and 10 parts other metals.
Gold Plating
Gold plating is a coating of karat gold permanently plated onto a base metal through electrical current.
Gold Supply Chain
We take the impact of our company`s supply chain seriously, and we believe that gold should be extracted and processed in a manner that respects the needs of current and future generations.
Green Amethyst
Green amethyst is a form of green quartz, produced by heat treating an amethyst or yellow quartz. It is also called prasolite.
Green Diamond
A green diamond is a fancy coloured diamond known for its striking green hue. Certain elements must be present during the diamond`s formation in order for a diamond to have a green body colour, making it rarer than a traditional diamond. Zales utilized enhanced green diamonds in its green diamond jewellery.
H
Half-Bezel Setting
A half-bezel setting wraps metal around either side of the stone`s girdle, rather than around the entire stone.
Half-Channel Setting
With a half-channel setting, each side a diamond or gemstone is bordered and secured by a slender strip of metal.
Hammer Finish
A hammer finish is a decorative metal finish with small indentations or dimples covering the surface.
Hands
Hands are thin, light strips of metal that are secured in the centre of the watch face and point to the hours, minutes or seconds.
Hardness (Mohs Hardness Scale)
Hardness is the ability of a stone or mineral to resist scratching. Hardness is measured from 1 to 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, with 10 (diamonds) being the hardest.
Heart-Shaped Cut
Heart-shaped cut diamonds and gemstones are cut in the shape of a heart. Heart-shaped diamonds are a variation of the round brilliant-cut.
Heat treatment
Heat treatment is using a high temperature to improve or change a gem`s colour. This treatment is common for many gems including aquamarine, carnelian, citrine, ruby, sapphire, tanzanite, topaz, tourmaline, and zircon. Controlled heating can also eliminate needle-like inclusions and improve clarity in rubies and sapphires. Less often it`s used to make the same inclusions grow in order to create or intensify a star effect.
Hematite
Hematite is a steely-gray crystal of iron oxide often used in men`s jewellery.
Herringbone Chain
Herringbone chain is a flexible chain that lies flat around the neck.
Hidden Clasp
A hidden clasp is a watch clasp that cannot be seen from the outside of the band. Portions of the metal band expand out to fit over the hand and internally fold, bringing the ends of the band together for a seamless look.
High-Polish Finish
A high-polish finish is metal with a shiny, reflective surface.
Hinged Back
The hinged back is very popular in hoop earrings. This back style features a hinged piece of metal that goes through the ear and snaps into a latch on the opposite side of the earring.
Honey Gold™
Honey Gold™ is the trademarked name for the yellow gold used in Le Vian® designs.
Hook & Eye Clasp
A hook and eye closure features a hook on one end that fits into a metal ring on the other end of a bracelet or necklace.
Hue
Hue is one of the three colour components. Hue gives a colour its generic name – blue, green, blue-green, greenish blue, and so forth.
Hypoallergenic Metal
A hypoallergenic metal, like platinum or titanium, are the least likely to cause symptoms of an allergic reaction when worn. These metals are ideal for those who have a sensitivity to certain materials.
I
Ideal-Cut
An ideal-cut diamond features a series of prisms and mirrors. The way light is returned out of the top of the diamond (not its sides or bottom) determines how brilliant and fiery a diamond is. "Ideal" is not just an adjective - it`s become the industry standard for the set of proportions, ratios and angles known as the American Ideal Cut.
Imitation
An imitation is a gem look-alike. Unlike a synthetic, an imitation (or simulant) doesn`t have the same chemistry, structure, or properties as the gem it resembles. Appearance is the only similarity.
Imperfection
An imperfection is a term for a negative clarity characteristic, such as a carbon inclusion in a diamond.
Inclusions
An inclusion is the natural birthmark inside a stone that can affect its flow of light and also add uniqueness and character. Inclusions vary in size, shape, quantity, position and colour.
Independently Certified
Independent certification is a process where diamonds, regardless of the seller, have received an appraisal of value from a trusted and authoritative source outside of the organization.
Invisible Setting
An invisible setting features several stones mounted together by metal beneath the stones. The metal cannot be seen from above, making the stones appear as if they have no setting at all.
Iolite
Iolite, a variety of cordierite, ranges in colour from blue to blue-violet. Iolite is a gemstone with pronounced pleochroism, meaning it has the ability to appear as different shades depending on the angle and light source.
Ion-Plated
Ion plating is one the most advanced protective surface finishing processes. Ion plating makes gold and other metals more durable, more wear resistant and also has a higher brightness. It can also add colour to a metal.
Iridescence
Iridescence is the rainbow-like colours that sometimes appear when light is reflected and refracted through structural layers.
Irradiation
Irradiation is the science of exposing a gem to high-energy radiation or bombardment with subatomic particles to change its colour. This treatment is routine for smoky quartz and blue topaz. Except in very rare cases, the treatment leaves no significant radioactivity.
J
Jade
Jade is the common name for two mineral species – jadeite and nephrite - traditionally used as carving materials because of their great toughness.
Journey Necklace
A journey necklace features a ladder or S-curve design featuring diamonds or gemstones that graduate in size from smallest to largest, symbolizing love`s journey.
K
Karat
Karat is the standard measurement of gold purity. Pure gold is 24 karat and therefore, the amount of gold in an alloy is based on 24 parts. For example, 14K is 14 parts gold and 10 parts alloying metal.
Kinetic
Seiko Kinetic is the first and only quartz watch powered by human energy. It runs entirely on self-generated energy from the natural movement of the wrist, so a Kinetic watch never needs a battery change.
L
Lab-Created
A lab-created gemstone is one produced in a laboratory setting. Lab-created stones have the same chemical, physical and optical properties as natural gemstones.
Lariat
A lariat is an open-ended necklace held together by an ornamental clasp in front.
Laser-Inscribed
A diamond can be microscopically inscribed on its girdle with its unique GIA Report Number, a personal message, or any other text, symbols or logos.
Light return
Light return is the total intensity of light reflected by a faceted gem.
Locket
A locket is a jewellery design that that opens to store small pictures of loved ones. A locket is most commonly worn on a necklace, but may also be on a pin or bracelet charm.
Loose Diamond
A loose diamond is one that is sold independently of a ring. It can be purchased in any cut or size.
Loupe
A loupe is a magnification tool used by jewellers to analyze gemstones and other jewellery materials. Diamonds and colour stones are always evaluated at 10x magnification and in the face-up position.
Lustre
Lustre indicates the sharpness of light reflections from a pearl. This is one of the pearl value factors, and it is a critical component of every pearl`s beauty.
M
MM
MM or mm is the abbreviation for millimeter, the standard unit of measurement for jewellery dimensions. For an approximate conversion to inches, see below. 3mm is approximately 1/8 inch 6mm is approximately 1/4 inch 13mm is approximately 1/2 inch 19mm is approximately 3/4 inch 25mm is approximately 1 inch 50mm is approximately 2 inches 75mm is approximately 3 inches
Madeira citrine
Madeira citrine is the trade term for citrine that`s deep orange (the most valuable colour for this gem).
Magnetic Clasp
A magnetic clasp features a magnet on each end of a chain are drawn together to hold the jewellery in place.
Malachite
Malachite is a mineral species that`s opaque and light to dark green or bluish green with attractive bands of different shades.
Mariner Link Chain
Mariner chain, also called an anchor link chain, is made up of oval links with a strip of metal down the centre.
Markings
Markings are the time increment symbols located on the watch dial, or stamping found on fine jewellery indicating gold content, manufacturer`s trademark and sometimes the stone weight.
Marquise Cut
A marquise cut is a type of cut in which the stone is elongated and pointed at both ends. A marquise cut stone is longer than it is wide.
Matte Finish
A matte finish is one that is grainy and non-reflective.
Metals
Most jewellery is made of metal. Common metals include gold, silver, platinum and titanium. Metals can be used in pure form or combined with other metals to increase durability.
Milgrain
Milgrain is a decorative detailing technique in which a beaded design is impressed into the metal.
Mineral Crystal
A mineral crystal is a transparent synthetic material that protects a clock or watch dial.
Mineral Gem
A mineral gem is one that was created by geologic processes. Diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire are the most familiar examples. Others include amethyst, aquamarine, citrine, garnet, jade, opal, peridot, topaz, and tourmaline. Mineral gems are the products most consumers think of as natural gems.
Mohs Hardness Scale
The Mohs Hardness Scale is used to measure the degree to which a stone or mineral is resistant to scratches. Hardness is measured from 1 to 10, with 10 (diamonds) being the hardest.
Morganite
Morganite is the peachy-pink variety of beryl, cousin to more familiar beryl like emerald and aquamarine. The beautiful, feminine colours of morganite are a result of the presence of manganese.
Mother-Of-Pearl Inlay
Mother-Of-Pearl is the thin layers of nacre that make up the iridescent interior of a mollusc shell. These layers are removed and used for watch faces and other pieces of jewellery.
Movado
Movado is the premier Swiss watchmaker renowned for its modern design aesthetic. Since 1881, Movado has earned over 100 patents and 200 international awards for artistry and innovation.
Movado Museum® Dial
The Movado Museum® Dial was created by George Horwitt. The dial includes a round dot at 12 o`clock and hands which appear to float.
Mystic Fire Topaz
Mystic Fire is a colourless topaz that is enhanced after it is cut with a patented azotic coating on its underside, producing a permanent and stable blue-green appearance with an iridescent rainbow of pronounced colour accents, especially in natural sunlight.
N
Nacre
Nacre is the substance produced in mollusc shells that coats particles and other foreign objects. Over time, layers of nacre build up around the particles to form pearls.
Natural Fancy Colour Diamonds
Natural fancy colour diamonds feature a deep body colour, including brown, yellow, blue, violet, orange, pink and red. Fancy colour diamonds are unusual and therefore highly valued. They are rated Z+ on the colour scale and have nine saturation levels from Faint to Fancy Vivid.
Natural Gem
Natural gemstones are those that are mined from the earth rather than created. Natural gemstones are extremely rare. This often adds to their value and appeal. Synthetic or lab-created gemstones are made of the same material as natural gemstones, so they share the same chemical and optical properties.
Natural Pearl
A natural pearl that formed without human involvement of any kind. Also see cultured pearl.
Near-Colourless
Near-colourless diamonds have little or no colour visible to the naked eye. Near-colourless diamonds are classified as G, H, I or J on the col
